I'm not an auto mechanic, but I do have a lot of experience with electronic
charging circuits, and more experience jumping cars (being a recipient) than
I'd care to admit.

Good cables help a lot, but good connections with the
clamps are more important.
IMO, you should use the jumpers to charge the other battery...and you should
NOT use the cables to power the starter on the dead car. Trying to turn the
starter of the other car requires big amps, big cables, and a solid
electrical system in the first car. I wouldn't do that with the first car
running, I'm just paranoid about the risk of damage to the electrical
system. I've done it lots of times, be on hearing a few stories of wasted
electronic systems, I've become paranoid.
For charging, running 10-20 amps through cheap cables isn't a big deal, and
should charge the battery fairly quick. As in, a few minutes. Be patient,
let it charge. Mike mentioned revving the engine, and just as important is
turning off ALL the electrical stuff in the running car. The first car MUST
have a higher voltage than the dead car, and fractions of a volt matter.
Current won't flow otherwise, and the bigger the diff the faster the charge.
A voltmeter tells the story.
-John O